Biathlon - biathlon history

BIATHLON - Olympic Sports

Biathlon comes from the Greek word: bi = two = athlon racing.

Biathlon is a competition "combined" cross-country skiing (freestyle) and rifle shooting.

This is one of the oldest sports. Indeed, as early as 2000 BC the northern European hunters also wear skis to find their prey. Today, Biathlon consists of ten separate events that include cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. 

Originally biathlon was a survival tactic: to hunt for food. Later, the northern Europeans were defending their borders while skiing and armed. The first biathlon competitions were held in 1767 in Scandinavia between the Border Patrol Swedish and Norwegian. The French and German soldiers also had the idea to introduce into their physical training sessions shooting.

 The International Biathlon Union (IBU) was founded in 1956 (62 nations affiliated). The first world championships were held in 1958.

Men compete in the Olympic Games since 1960 and women since the Olympics in Albertville in 1992. The program includes eight events: racing sprint, pursuit, in

iduelles and relays.

The progenitor of biathlon demonstration sport at the Olympic Games in Chamonix in 1924, called the 'Race of the military patrol. "

It takes place at a maximum altitude of 1 800 m.

Distance: 7.5 km for the ladies (3 laps of 2.5 kilometers) and 10 km for men.

Buses run every 30 seconds.

Competitors shoot 2 times: once in the supine position (km 3 for men, 2.5 km for women) and once while standing (7 and 5 km). For each missed shot, the competitor must go through a round of penalty of 150 m, immediately after the shooting. The winner is the one who achieves the fastest time.

In the lawsuit, the start is given to competitors at intervals based on their finishing time in the sprint. The women race 10km and men 12.5 kilometers. Competitors (60 max) stop four times to shoot and must hit five targets with five bullets. For each target missed, athletes must do a penalty turn of 150 m.

iduelle

This is the only event where the biathletes are not sanctioned by the towers of penalties when they miss a target.

Distance: 15 km for women and 20km for men. Competitors perform 4 sessions of 5 shots, supine, standing, lying and standing. For each missed shot, the competitor has one minute penalty. The course ends with a fifth loop of 3 km. The athlete who achieves the fastest time, included penalties, won the title. The biathletes have 20 bullets in the 20 km. The elevation is 600 to 750 m.

Relay 4 x 7.5 km for women and men with 2 sequences shot by rival in supine and standing. Everyone has the right to use three or more balls of eight shots in total. One lap penalty of 150 m is to go in case of missed shot. Runway or a portion of track can be traversed several times (2 times more than the Olympics and World Championships). The winner is the one who set the fastest time penalties included.

Relay teams of two women and two men in which each member performs 6 kilometers and two shots (one bed and one standing). The biathlete has arranged five bullets in his clip and three bullets in reserve. One lap penalty of 150 m is to go in case of missed shot.

Good to know

 - In competition, the sprints are run biathlon in 23 minutes for 10 km and 55 minutes for 20 km.

 - A biathlete can reach speeds of 28 km / h. The average time to get 5 balls in the supine position is 30 seconds and 26 seconds for a shot while standing.

Distance: 7.5 km for women and 10km for men.

Teams of 4 biathlete are grouped up in 15 seconds from first to last. The first shot (in bed) occurs after a loop of 2.5 kilometers by two attackers simultaneously. For each missed shot, a tower is 150 meters to go. The next shot (standing) takes place after a second loop of 2.5 km by another team of 2 shooters. The race ends with a third loop of 2.5 km. The time is calculated on the latest athlete to cross the finish line.

- Classic style that is required on sections rising (the slide is not allowed).

- Free style, several techniques are used, but the sliding motion is the most used.

To make more attractive the biathlon, the federation has invented:

Introduced for the first time the world championships in 1999 and the Olympic program in 2006, the Mass Start is one of the most spectacular disciplines of biathlon. It is a race between a thirty biathletes with a starting line. They perform four shots (two bed, two feet). The first who crosses the finish line is the winner.

The distances: 15 km for men and 12.5 km for women.

There is a biathlon practiced during the summer in the mountains. The shooting event is combined with the cross, roller skating or mountain biking

A penalty loop is a loop of 150m to be flown on skis when targets are missed during the sprint, pursuit and relay. A loop must be traversed for each missed shot, and takes between 20 and 30 seconds. In events in

iduelles, it imposes no penalty loop, but it adds a penalty of one minute per missed shot.

The combination
? In a competition, the biathletes wear a race suit piece or two pieces.
? The combination must be light enough to allow competitors to move easily while keeping warm.
? Sponsor marks on snow suits and equipment are subject to strict controls in the regulations of the International Biathlon Union (IBU) to avoid over-commercialization of sport.
? The biathletes must wear a number of competing in front of their combination and on parts fixed to the outside legs.

The rifle
? rifle caliber 0.22
? Minimum weight of 3.5 kilograms (12 pounds)
? With a sling shot
? The store holds up to five cartridges
? The maximum departure of the cartridge is 380 meters per second.
? The biathlete carrying the rifle in a holster on his back upright, the barrel pointing upwards.
? It is prohibited to use optical sighting devices that provide a larger view.

The skis and poles
? The skis must be at least the same length as the competitor, and then can be shortened by four (4) inches maximum.
? The width of the ski must be 43 to 47 millimeters in size of the ski and at least 30 mm with a spatula.
? The skis must be at least 750 grams.
? The poles must not exceed the size of the competitor and must be the same length.
? It is prohibited to use sticks with a variable size.

Regulations for equipment
Before the start of a race, officials are responsible for ensuring compliance with regulations:
? Each competitor is their starting number.
? There is no cartridge loaded into the chamber of the rifle.
? The rifle is in accordance with the rules on weights and dimensions.
? The skis and poles are checked and marked if they comply with regulations.
? Carbines reserves are also checked and marked.
Other
? Most competitors wear a hat and gloves to keep warm.
? The glove can have a piece of removable trigger finger left or right (depending on the hand they use to make) to facilitate access to the trigger.

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