180
A 180-degree rotation of the body and skis.

Air
When a skier performs a jump in the mogul run. Two airs are required in each moguls run.

Aerials
A freestyle skiing discipline where skiers perform airborne manoeuvre after skiing down a slope and taking off from a kicker (ramp).

Back Full
A backflip with a full twist.

Back Layout
Single backflip in the layout position.

Back Somersault
One single backflip.

Back Tuck
Single backflip in the tuck position.

Backscratcher
The skier touches his or her back with the tails of both skis.

Blunt Air
A trick performed by the athlete where the skis are parallel, tips are facing down and the athlete grabs the top of the ski tail.

Control Gate
A series of 10 equally spaced gates set on the mogul course.

Critical Grab
An aerial manoeuvre where the athlete’s skis are shoulder width apart and knees are bent. The skier grabs the inside edge towards the ski tip.

Cross
Crossing the skis, while airborne, into the shape of an “X”.

Daffy
A mogul manoeuvre in which the skier kicks one leg forward and the other backward to achieve the splits position in mid-air.

Double Full
Single layout flip with two twists.

Double Layout
Two flips in the layout position.

Double Somersault
Two flips.

Fall Line
The most direct route from the top to the bottom of a moguls course.

Flip
A somersault performed backwards, frontwards or sideways.

Four-Point Landing
When a skier plants both poles as he/she lands from a jump.

Four-Point Takeoff
When a skier plants both poles when they take off from a mogul.

Front Somersault
A manoeuvre in which the skier makes a full, 360-degree forward flip.

Front tuck
Single front flip in the tuck position.

Full
A flip with a full twist.

Full In
A full twist on the first flip followed by a double or triple somersault.

Full Out
A full twist on the last flip of a double or triple somersault.

Gates
Poles with coloured flags used to mark the course.

Grab
While in a jump, the skier reaches and grabs one part of the ski.

Half
A flip with a half-twist.

Half In
A half-twist on the first flip of a double or triple somersault.

Half Out
A full twist on the first flip of a double or triple somersault.

Height and Distance
Height and distance are used to describe the skier’s flight in the air. They are also components of the jumping score.

Helicopter
360-degree spin with the skier in an upright position.

Iron Cross
Similar to a backscratcher, but the heels or tails of the skis are crossed rather than parallel.

JapanAir
An aerial manoeuvre in which the left leg is tucked up and the right leg is kept extended. The athlete grabs with the right hand, behind the right leg, and grabs the left ski either in front of the boot or under it.

Kicker
The takeoff ramp used in aerials.

Knoll
The flat area of an aerial course where the jumps are built.

Layout or Lay
Position of the skier’s body is extended as straight as possible.

Loop
A side flip where the skier rotates around the central axis.

Lui Kang
The athlete’s left leg is tucked up while the right leg is extended and he/she grabs under the left boot with the left hand.

Mogul
A bump or ridge of snow.

Moguls Skiing
A freestyle skiing discipline in which athletes are judged on the speed, skill and flair with which they complete the course and two jumps.

Mute Grab
An aerial manoeuvre where, with crossed skis, the athlete grabs with either the right hand to left ski or vice versa just in front of the binding’s toe piece.

Off Axis
During takeoff, the skier tilts the axis of rotation.

Pike
A jack-knife position in which the athlete’s body bends at the waist and the legs are completely straight.

Pop
The athlete’s body extension at the start of the jump that sets the flip in motion.

Position
A movement which is held during jumping

Puck
Open-tuck position with legs pulled up to 45 degrees.

Reverse Trough
The technique of skiing on top of the moguls and turning in the opposite direction of the ruts.

Rudy
A flip with one-and-a-half twists.

Ruts
The area formed between moguls.

Rocket Air
An aerial maneuver where the skis are parallel and legs are extended and out in front of the body. The athlete grabs with both hands towards the tips of both skis.

Ski Cross
A discipline of freestyle skiing that begins with a time trial or qualification round. Every competitor skis down the course, which features naturally occurring terrain and manmade features like jumps, rollers, banks. Starting simultaneously, the goal is to be one of the first two across the finish line and advance to the next round.

Slapback
A poor landing in which the skier hits the snow on his/her skis and back.

Sling
A bad takeoff when the athlete over rotates off the kicker or jump.

Spin
Going off a jump, the athlete rotates his/her body in the vertical axis. Measured in 180-degree increments.

Spread Eagle
The skier extends his or her arms and legs wide while keeping the upper body straight and upright.

Tail Grab
Grab in which the skier reaches down and grabs the back of the ski or skis and pulls themselves backwards.

Toxic Grab
A manoeuvre where the skis are crossed and tips are pointed down while the grab is done with the opposing hand on the inside edge toward the tail of the ski.

Trough
Deep path of ruts that run between moguls.

Takeoff
When a skier goes off (launches) the jump.

Tip Cross
The skier crosses the ski tips while remaining upright.

Tuck
Body position in which the knees are pulled into toward the chest.

Turns
The criteria of mogul judging referring to the execution of turning in moguls.

Twist
The rotation around the vertical axis.

Twister
A manoeuvre where the skier rotates his or her body the opposite direction of the skis.

Zudnick
The skier leans his or her upper body toward the tips of the skis, keeping the skis close together.

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